Variant anatomy of the coronary sinus and left inferior phrenic vein in the aspect of interventional arythmology

Abstract

Objective: to study the variants of the structure of the coronary sinus valves and the left inferior phrenic vein in the aspect of interventional arythmology. Materials and methods: We studied 30 preparations of hearts and 120 preparations of the veins of the diaphragm of people who died between the ages of 22 and 75 and the left inferior phrenic vein in 30 patients of both sexes of the same age. Sectional, dissection, injection, morphometric, angiographic and statistical methods of investigation were used. Results: Analysis of the results obtained with the help of various sectional and clinical methods of investigation revealed that in 13% of cases an alternative way of conducting the left ventricular electrode through the left inferior phrenic vein with cardiac resynchronization therapy is possible. Conclusions: Venous sinus as the main pathway for implantation of the left ventricular electrode may be suitable for catheterization in 86% of patients, and for 13% of patients an alternative route for conducting the left ventricular electrode is needed. Th e left inferior phrenic vein, which fl ows into the inferior vena cava in 60% of cases, is freely or conditionally catheterized and can serve as an alternative route for conducting the left ventricular electrode.

Keywords

• coronary sinus valves
• left inferior phrenic vein