Digital Quantum Simulation of a (1+1)D SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory with Ion Qudits

Abstract

We present a quantum simulation strategy for a (1+1)-dimensional SU(2) non-Abelian lattice gauge theory with dynamical matter, a hardcore-gluon Hamiltonian Yang-Mills, tailored to a six-level trapped-ion-qudit quantum processor, as recently experimentally realized [Nat. Phys. 18, 1053 (2022)]. We employ a qudit encoding fulfilling gauge invariance, an SU(2) Gauss’s law. We discuss the experimental feasibility of generalized Mølmer-Sørensen gates used to efficiently simulate the dynamics. We illustrate how a shallow circuit with these resources is sufficient to implement scalable digital quantum simulation of the model. We also numerically show that this model, albeit simple, can dynamically manifest physically relevant properties specific to non-Abelian field theories, such as baryon excitations.