Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
Chenghu Huang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
Haiyang Zhou
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
Abubakar Siddique
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
Xiamei Kang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
Qianzhe Cao
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
Yingying Huang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
Fang He
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China; ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre (TianMu Laboratory), Gaochuang Hi-Tech Park, Zhejiang, China
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Bacterial regional demonstration after global dissemination is an essential pathway for selecting distinct finesses. However, the evolution of the resistome during the transition to endemicity remains unaddressed. Using the most comprehensive whole-genome sequencing dataset of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) collected from 15 countries, including 45 newly recovered samples from two related local regions, we established the relationship among avian-specific pathogen genetic profiles and localization patterns. Initially, we revealed the international transmission and evolutionary history of S. Gallinarum to recent endemicity through phylogenetic analysis conducted using a spatiotemporal Bayesian framework. Our findings indicate that the independent acquisition of the resistome via the mobilome, primarily through plasmids and transposons, shapes a unique antimicrobial resistance profile among different lineages. Notably, the mobilome-resistome combination among distinct lineages exhibits a geographical-specific manner, further supporting a localized endemic mobilome-driven process. Collectively, this study elucidates resistome adaptation in the endemic transition of an avian-specific pathogen, likely driven by the localized farming style, and provides valuable insights for targeted interventions.
