Investigation of The Effect Hydraulic and Atmospheric Factors on the Evaporation and Wind Draft Losses in The Fixed Head Sprinkle Irrigation System

Abstract

Correct understanding of the factors affecting the rate of evaporation l and wind draft losses on sprinkler irrigation systems is important in order to provide guidelines for the development and utilization of water resources. This study was performed to identify the factors affecting the rate of evaporation and wind draft losses and also equations presents for estimating of evaporation and wind draft losses on the fixed head sprinkler irrigation systems, under various conditions of hydraulic and atmospheric. In this study sprinklers of ZK30, ZM22 and AMBO was used. The tests were carried out at the University of Kurdistan research farm located in the village of Doshan with single sprinkler method Accordance with the ISO 7749-1 and ISIRI 8995-3 standards. Evaporation and wind draft Losses were measured at different applied pressures under various conditions of atmospheric. The results showed that parameters of vapor pressure deficit and temperatures had the highest correlation with evaporation and wind draft losses in all three types of sprinklers, and this correlation is significant at the 1% probability level. Also results showed that the correlation between wind velocity and losses is in sprinklers of ZM22 and ZK30 significant at the 1% and 5% probability level respectively and in the sprinkler AMBO is no significant correlation. In overall evaporation and wind draft losses increase to 9.4 percent by increasing of 1 meter per second of wind velocity.

Keywords

• Sprinkler
• Wind speed
• Vapor pressure deficit
• Temperature
• Evaporation
• Wind losses