Frontiers in Immunology (Nov 2015)

Molecular and Translational Classifications of DAMPs in Immunogenic Cell Death

  • Abhishek D Garg,
  • Lorenzo eGalluzzi,
  • Lorenzo eGalluzzi,
  • Lorenzo eGalluzzi,
  • Lorenzo eGalluzzi,
  • Lorenzo eGalluzzi,
  • Lionel eApetoh,
  • Lionel eApetoh,
  • Lionel eApetoh,
  • Thais eBaert,
  • Thais eBaert,
  • Raymond B Birge,
  • Jose Manuel Bravo-San Pedro,
  • Jose Manuel Bravo-San Pedro,
  • Jose Manuel Bravo-San Pedro,
  • Jose Manuel Bravo-San Pedro,
  • Jose Manuel Bravo-San Pedro,
  • Karine eBreckpot,
  • David eBrough,
  • Ricardo eChaurio,
  • Mara eCirone,
  • An eCoosemans,
  • An eCoosemans,
  • Pierre G Coulie,
  • Dirk eDe Ruysscher,
  • Luciana eDini,
  • Peter ede Witte,
  • Aleksandra M Dudek-Peric,
  • Alberto eFaggioni,
  • Jitka eFucikova,
  • Jitka eFucikova,
  • Udo S Gaipl,
  • Jakub eGolab,
  • Marie-Lise eGougeon,
  • Michael R Hamblin,
  • Akseli eHemminki,
  • Akseli eHemminki,
  • Akseli eHemminki,
  • Martin eHerrmann,
  • James W. Hodge,
  • Oliver eKepp,
  • Oliver eKepp,
  • Oliver eKepp,
  • Oliver eKepp,
  • Oliver eKepp,
  • Guido eKroemer,
  • Guido eKroemer,
  • Guido eKroemer,
  • Guido eKroemer,
  • Guido eKroemer,
  • Guido eKroemer,
  • Guido eKroemer,
  • Dmitri V Krysko,
  • Dmitri V Krysko,
  • Walter G Land,
  • Frank eMadeo,
  • Frank eMadeo,
  • Angelo A. Manfredi,
  • Stephen R. Mattarollo,
  • Christian eMaueroder,
  • Nicolò eMerendino,
  • Gabriele eMulthoff,
  • Thomas ePabst,
  • Jean-Ehrland eRicci,
  • Chiara eRiganti,
  • Erminia eRomano,
  • Nicole eRufo,
  • Mark J. Smyth,
  • Mark J. Smyth,
  • Jürgen eSonnemann,
  • Radek eSpisek,
  • Radek eSpisek,
  • John eStagg,
  • Erika eVacchelli,
  • Erika eVacchelli,
  • Erika eVacchelli,
  • Erika eVacchelli,
  • Erika eVacchelli,
  • Peter eVandenabeele,
  • Peter eVandenabeele,
  • Lien eVandenberk,
  • Benoit J Van Den Eynde,
  • Stefaan Willy Van Gool,
  • Francesca eVelotti,
  • Laurence eZitvogel,
  • Laurence eZitvogel,
  • Laurence eZitvogel,
  • Laurence eZitvogel,
  • Patrizia eAgostinis

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00588
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 6

Abstract

Read online

The immunogenicity of malignant cells has recently been acknowledged as a critical determinant of efficacy in cancer therapy. Thus, besides developing direct immunostimulatory regimens including dendritic cell-based vaccines, checkpoint-blocking therapies, and adoptive T-cell transfer, researchers have started to focus on the overall immunobiology of neoplastic cells. It is now clear that cancer cells can succumb to some anticancer therapies by undergoing a peculiar form of cell death that is characterized by an increased immunogenic potential, owing to the emission of so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The emission of DAMPs and other immunostimulatory factors by cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) favors the establishment of a productive interface with the immune system. This results in the elicitation of tumor-targeting immune responses associated with the elimination of residual, treatment-resistant cancer cells, as well as with the establishment of immunological memory. Although ICD has been characterized with increased precision since its discovery, several questions remain to be addressed. Here, we summarize and tabulate the main molecular, immunological, preclinical and clinical aspects of ICD, in an attempt to capture the essence of this clinically relevant phenomenon, and identify future challenges for this rapidly expanding field of investigation.

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