Earth System Science Data (Apr 2023)
Mass balance of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets from 1992 to 2020
- I. N. Otosaka,
- A. Shepherd,
- A. Shepherd,
- E. R. Ivins,
- N.-J. Schlegel,
- C. Amory,
- M. R. van den Broeke,
- M. Horwath,
- I. Joughin,
- M. D. King,
- G. Krinner,
- S. Nowicki,
- A. J. Payne,
- E. Rignot,
- T. Scambos,
- K. M. Simon,
- B. E. Smith,
- L. S. Sørensen,
- I. Velicogna,
- I. Velicogna,
- P. L. Whitehouse,
- G. A,
- C. Agosta,
- A. P. Ahlstrøm,
- A. Blazquez,
- W. Colgan,
- M. E. Engdahl,
- X. Fettweis,
- R. Forsberg,
- H. Gallée,
- A. Gardner,
- L. Gilbert,
- N. Gourmelen,
- A. Groh,
- B. C. Gunter,
- C. Harig,
- V. Helm,
- S. A. Khan,
- C. Kittel,
- H. Konrad,
- P. L. Langen,
- B. S. Lecavalier,
- C.-C. Liang,
- B. D. Loomis,
- M. McMillan,
- D. Melini,
- S. H. Mernild,
- R. Mottram,
- J. Mouginot,
- J. Nilsson,
- B. Noël,
- M. E. Pattle,
- W. R. Peltier,
- N. Pie,
- M. Roca,
- I. Sasgen,
- H. V. Save,
- K.-W. Seo,
- B. Scheuchl,
- E. J. O. Schrama,
- L. Schröder,
- S. B. Simonsen,
- T. Slater,
- G. Spada,
- T. C. Sutterley,
- B. D. Vishwakarma,
- J. M. van Wessem,
- D. Wiese,
- W. van der Wal,
- B. Wouters,
- B. Wouters
Affiliations
- I. N. Otosaka
- Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- A. Shepherd
- Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- A. Shepherd
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- E. R. Ivins
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- N.-J. Schlegel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- C. Amory
- Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- M. R. van den Broeke
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- M. Horwath
- Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- I. Joughin
- Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- M. D. King
- Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- G. Krinner
- Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- S. Nowicki
- Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- A. J. Payne
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- E. Rignot
- Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- T. Scambos
- Earth Science and Observation Center, CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- K. M. Simon
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
- B. E. Smith
- Polar Science Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- L. S. Sørensen
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- I. Velicogna
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- I. Velicogna
- Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- P. L. Whitehouse
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- G. A
- Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- C. Agosta
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- A. P. Ahlstrøm
- Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
- A. Blazquez
- Spatial Geophysics and Oceanography Studies Laboratory, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- W. Colgan
- Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
- M. E. Engdahl
- ESA-ESRIN, Frascati, Italy
- X. Fettweis
- Geography, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- R. Forsberg
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- H. Gallée
- Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- A. Gardner
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- L. Gilbert
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, West Sussex, United Kingdom
- N. Gourmelen
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- A. Groh
- Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- B. C. Gunter
- Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- C. Harig
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- V. Helm
- Glaciology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- S. A. Khan
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- C. Kittel
- Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- H. Konrad
- Satellite-based Climate Monitoring, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach/Main, Germany
- P. L. Langen
- Department of Environmental Science, iClimate, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- B. S. Lecavalier
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
- C.-C. Liang
- Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- B. D. Loomis
- Geodesy and Geophysics Laboratory, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- M. McMillan
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- D. Melini
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy
- S. H. Mernild
- SDU Climate Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- R. Mottram
- Research and Development Department, Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- J. Mouginot
- Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- J. Nilsson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- B. Noël
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- M. E. Pattle
- isardSAT, Guildford, United Kingdom
- W. R. Peltier
- Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- N. Pie
- Center for Space Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- M. Roca
- isardSAT, Barcelona, Spain
- I. Sasgen
- Glaciology, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- H. V. Save
- Center for Space Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- K.-W. Seo
- Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- B. Scheuchl
- Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- E. J. O. Schrama
- Department of Space Engineering, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, TU Delft, Delft, the Netherlands
- L. Schröder
- Institut für Planetare Geodäsie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- S. B. Simonsen
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- T. Slater
- Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- G. Spada
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- T. C. Sutterley
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- B. D. Vishwakarma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- J. M. van Wessem
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- D. Wiese
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
- W. van der Wal
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
- B. Wouters
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- B. Wouters
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1597-2023
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15
pp. 1597 – 1616
Abstract
Ice losses from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have accelerated since the 1990s, accounting for a significant increase in the global mean sea level. Here, we present a new 29-year record of ice sheet mass balance from 1992 to 2020 from the Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE). We compare and combine 50 independent estimates of ice sheet mass balance derived from satellite observations of temporal changes in ice sheet flow, in ice sheet volume, and in Earth's gravity field. Between 1992 and 2020, the ice sheets contributed 21.0±1.9 mm to global mean sea level, with the rate of mass loss rising from 105 Gt yr−1 between 1992 and 1996 to 372 Gt yr−1 between 2016 and 2020. In Greenland, the rate of mass loss is 169±9 Gt yr−1 between 1992 and 2020, but there are large inter-annual variations in mass balance, with mass loss ranging from 86 Gt yr−1 in 2017 to 444 Gt yr−1 in 2019 due to large variability in surface mass balance. In Antarctica, ice losses continue to be dominated by mass loss from West Antarctica (82±9 Gt yr−1) and, to a lesser extent, from the Antarctic Peninsula (13±5 Gt yr−1). East Antarctica remains close to a state of balance, with a small gain of 3±15 Gt yr−1, but is the most uncertain component of Antarctica's mass balance. The dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5285/77B64C55-7166-4A06-9DEF-2E400398E452 (IMBIE Team, 2021).
