Role of Cytokines, Chemokines and IFN-γ<sup>+</sup> IL-17<sup>+</sup> Double-Positive CD4<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Marlos Aureliano Dias de Sousa,
Chamberttan Souza Desidério,
Jonatas da Silva Catarino,
Rafael Obata Trevisan,
Djalma Alexandre Alves da Silva,
Vinicius Ferreira Resende Rocha,
Weslley Guimarães Bovi,
Rodolfo Pessato Timoteo,
Renata Cristina Franzon Bonatti,
Alex Eduardo da Silva,
Alfredo Leboreiro Fernandez,
Helioswilton Sales-Campos,
Virmondes Rodrigues Junior,
Marcos Vinicius da Silva,
Carlo José Freire de Oliveira
Affiliations
Marlos Aureliano Dias de Sousa
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Chamberttan Souza Desidério
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Jonatas da Silva Catarino
Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Rafael Obata Trevisan
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Djalma Alexandre Alves da Silva
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Vinicius Ferreira Resende Rocha
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Weslley Guimarães Bovi
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Rodolfo Pessato Timoteo
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Renata Cristina Franzon Bonatti
Department of Neurology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Alex Eduardo da Silva
Department of Neurology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Alfredo Leboreiro Fernandez
Department of Neurology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Helioswilton Sales-Campos
Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-050, GO, Brazil
Virmondes Rodrigues Junior
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Marcos Vinicius da Silva
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Carlo José Freire de Oliveira
Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
Multiple sclerosis is mediated by self-reactive myelin T and B cells that lead to axonal and myelin damage. The immune response in multiple sclerosis involves the participation of CD4+ T cells that produce cytokines and chemokines. This participation is important to find markers for the diagnosis and progression of the disease. In our work, we evaluated the profile of cytokines and chemokines, as well as the production of double positive CD4+ T cells for the production of IFNγ IL-17 in patients with multiple sclerosis, at different stages of the disease and undergoing different treatments. We found that relapsing–remitting patients had a significant increase in IL-12 production. About IL-5, its production showed significantly higher levels in secondarily progressive patients when compared to relapsing–remitting patients. IFN-γ production by PBMCs from secondarily progressive patients showed significantly higher levels. This group also had a higher percentage of CD4+ IFNγ+ IL-17+ T cells. The combination of changes in certain cytokines and chemokines together with the presence of IFNγ+ IL-17+ double positive lymphocytes can be used to better understand the clinical forms of the disease and its progression.
