Fire Retardancy and Leaching Resistance of Furfurylated Pine Wood (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) Treated with Guanyl-Urea Phosphate
Chia-Feng Lin,
Olov Karlsson,
Injeong Kim,
Olena Myronycheva,
Rhoda Afriyie Mensah,
Michael Försth,
Oisik Das,
George I. Mantanis,
Dennis Jones,
Dick Sandberg
Affiliations
Chia-Feng Lin
Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-931 77 Skelleftea, Sweden
Olov Karlsson
Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-931 77 Skelleftea, Sweden
Injeong Kim
Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-931 77 Skelleftea, Sweden
Olena Myronycheva
Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-931 77 Skelleftea, Sweden
Rhoda Afriyie Mensah
Structural and Fire Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Lulea, Sweden
Michael Försth
Structural and Fire Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Lulea, Sweden
Oisik Das
Structural and Fire Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Lulea, Sweden
George I. Mantanis
Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Wood Sciences and Design, University of Thessaly, GR-431 00 Karditsa, Greece
Dennis Jones
Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-931 77 Skelleftea, Sweden
Dick Sandberg
Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-931 77 Skelleftea, Sweden
Guanyl-urea phosphate (GUP) was introduced into furfurylated wood in order to improve fire retardancy. Modified wood was produced via vacuum-pressure impregnation of the GUP–furfuryl alcohol (FA) aqueous solution, which was then polymerized at elevated temperature. The water leaching resistance of the treated wood was tested according to European standard EN 84, while the leached water was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and inductively coupled plasma–sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). This new type of furfurylated wood was further characterized in the laboratory by evaluating its morphology and elemental composition using optical microscopy and electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX). The chemical functionality was detected using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the fire resistance was tested using cone calorimetry. The dimensional stability was evaluated in wet–dry soaking cycle tests, along with the mechanical properties, such as the Brinell hardness and bending strength. The fire retardancy of the modified furfurylated wood indicated that the flammability of wood can be depressed to some extent by introducing GUP. This was reflected in an observed reduction in heat release rate (HRR2) from 454.8 to 264.9 kW/m2, without a reduction in the material properties. In addition, this leaching-resistant furfurylated wood exhibited higher fire retardancy compared to conventional furfurylated wood. A potential method for producing fire-retardant treated furfurylated wood stable to water exposure has been suggested.