Журнал Белорусского государственного университета: География, геология (Oct 2017)
The mountainous meadowy brown soils (Cambic Umbrisols) of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Abstract
The article is devoted to the mountainous meadowy brown soils (Cambic Umbrisols), that widespread in the highlands of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Installed, that the process of brunifikation under herbaceous vegetation is supplemented with sod-formation process, which greatly affects the formation of soil. In order to study the features of the spatial differentiation of the soil cover of highlands, detailed studies have been made within the Chornogora and Svydovets range in different bioclimatic zones. All laboratory tests were carried out according to conventional techniques. The study of the macromorphological features of the formation and structure of the genetic profile of Cambic Umbrisols showed, that soil profiles have such genetic horizons. Under which a deep humus-accumulative horizon (Umbric) is formed. The next horizons are transitional horizon Cambic. The conclusion is drawn, that Cambic Umbrisols are characterized by high exchange and hydrolytic acidity. Studying of the results of exchange acidity and its distribution indicates that the top genetic horizons are characterized by the lowest rate of highly acidic reaction. The deeper it is, the higher pH rates are, belong to the high humusness soils. A group of fulvic acids dominates in the composition of humus. Cambic Umbrisols are characterized by undifferentiated profile distribution of particle-size fractionation. One of the peculiarities of the particle-size distribution is the high content of fine sand and fine dust. Accumulation of clay elements in soil is absent. The differences in morphological structure and physico-chemical properties between soils are the result of the intensity biological and chemical processes in different bioclimatic zones. Considering features of studied soils, we consider it correct in the new substantive-genetic classification of Ukraine in the class post-lithogenic soil to give them as a separate type of humic-brown soil.
