Clinical and epidemiological study of rectal cancer

Abstract

Background. In this article, we present a study that tries to characterize the patient with rectal cancer who addresses the Brașov County Emergency Clinical Hospital (SCJUBv). Aim. The aim of the study is to characterize from an epidemiological and clinical point of view the population group with rectal cancer that addresses the Brașov County Emergency Clinical Hospital, most of them being from Brașov County. We created a profile of the patient with rectal cancer in this area, outlining some risk factors. Material and methods. We conducted a prospective study of patients with rectal cancer hospitalized and operated in SCJUBv between 01.01.2013 and 31.12.2018. They were analyzed according to: age, sex, presence of associated diseases, symptoms at admission, presence of distant metastases, type of surgical treatment applied, local extension and histological type of the tumor. Results. The studied group includes 79 patients hospitalized and operated at the Brașov County Emergency Clinical Hospital. Of these, 49 were men and 30 were women. The average age of the group is 67.76 years. Patients in the study group had multiple associated conditions. The first five places are occupied by the following diseases: hypertensive disorder, ischemic heart disease, anemia, dyslipidemia, type II diabetes. At hospital admission, the patients showed the following symptoms: rectorrhagia, intestinal transit disorders, weight loss, pain in the lower abdomen, perineal pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Preoperative imaging examinations (ultrasound, CT) revealed secondary determinations located in the intra-abdominal lymph nodes, hepatic and pulmonary. Rectal amputation was performed in 67 cases and anterior rectal resection with anastomosis in 12 of the cases. The analysis of the histopathological examination bulletins allowed the quantification of the local extension of the tumor. Conclusions. Based on this epidemiological and clinical study, we can draw the "robot portrait" of the patient with rectal cancer hospitalized in SCJU Brașov: is a 67-68 year old male, also presenting cardiovascular diseases with doctor appointment for rectal bleeding and intestinal transit disorders. Surgery will be performed with an amputation of the rectum. The histopathological diagnosis will be G2 adenocarcinoma in most cases

Keywords

• rectal cancer
• epidemiology
• clinic