Alteration of the Mitochondrial Effects of Ceria Nanoparticles by Gold: An Approach for the Mitochondrial Modulation of Cells Based on Nanomedicine
Patricia Gutiérrez-Carcedo,
Sergio Navalón,
Rafael Simó,
Xavier Setoain,
Carolina Aparicio-Gómez,
Ibane Abasolo,
Victor Manuel Victor,
Hermenegildo García,
José Raúl Herance
Affiliations
Patricia Gutiérrez-Carcedo
Medical Molecular Imaging Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) and Biomedical Imaging Group, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Sergio Navalón
Deparment of Chemistry and Instiute of Chemical Technology (CSIC-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Rafael Simó
Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Department of Endocrinology, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, UAB, Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes Network and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Xavier Setoain
Hospital Clinic, Biophysics and Bioengineering Unit, Biomedicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, and CIBER-BBN, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
Carolina Aparicio-Gómez
Medical Molecular Imaging Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) and Biomedical Imaging Group, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Ibane Abasolo
Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), Group of Drug Delivery & Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, UAB, CIBBER-BBN, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Victor Manuel Victor
Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
Hermenegildo García
Deparment of Chemistry and Instiute of Chemical Technology (CSIC-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
José Raúl Herance
Medical Molecular Imaging Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) and Biomedical Imaging Group, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
Ceria nanoparticles are cell compatible antioxidants whose activity can be enhanced by gold deposition and by surface functionalization with positive triphenylphosphonium units to selectively target the mitochondria. The antioxidant properties of these nanoparticles can serve as the basis of a new strategy for the treatment of several disorders exhibiting oxidative stress, such as cancer, diabetes or Alzheimer’s disease. However, all of these pathologies require a specific antioxidant according with their mechanism to remove oxidant species excess in cells and diminish their effect on mitochondrial function. The mechanism through which ceria nanoparticles neutralize oxidative stress and their effect on mitochondrial function have not been characterized yet. In the present study, the mitochondria antioxidant effect of ceria and ceria-supported gold nanoparticles, with or without triphenylphosphonium functionalization, was assessed in HeLa cells. The effect caused by ceria nanoparticles on mitochondria function in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and nuclear factor erythroid–2–like 1 (NFE2L1) was reversed by the presence of gold. Furthermore, this effect was enhanced when nanoparticles were functionalized with triphenylphosphonium. Our study illustrates how the mitochondrial antioxidant effect induced by ceria nanoparticles can be modulated by the presence of gold.
