The spine is three-dimensional entity, though 3D alignment and 3D balance should not be confused

Abstract

The lecture represents Prof. J. Dubousset’s understanding of such fundamental problems of the modern spine med- icine as the balance of the body in three-dimensional space, stability and alignment of the spinal column, and de- scribes the methods of qualitative and quantitative assessment of these parameters. Attention is also paid to the prevention of junctional kyphosis and its justification from the author’s position

Keywords

• 3d body balance
• spine in 3-dimensional space
• proximal junctional kyphosis