Effects of Canine-Obtained Lactic-Acid Bacteria on the Fecal Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers in Dogs Receiving Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Treatment
Kristin M. V. Herstad,
Hilde Vinje,
Ellen Skancke,
Terese Næverdal,
Francisca Corral,
Ann-Katrin Llarena,
Romy M. Heilmann,
Jan S. Suchodolski,
Joerg M. Steiner,
Nicole Frost Nyquist
Affiliations
Kristin M. V. Herstad
Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Aas, Norway
Hilde Vinje
Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Aas, Norway
Ellen Skancke
Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Aas, Norway
Terese Næverdal
EMPET Skedsmo Dyresykehus, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
Francisca Corral
Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Aas, Norway
Ann-Katrin Llarena
Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Aas, Norway
Romy M. Heilmann
Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, DE-04103 Leipzig, SN, Germany
Jan S. Suchodolski
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Joerg M. Steiner
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
Nicole Frost Nyquist
Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Aas, Norway
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may cause enteropathy in dogs and probiotics may be one option to prevent this. The objective of this study was to determine whether the administration of canine-obtained lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has an effect on the frequency of diarrhea, the composition of the fecal microbiota, and/or markers of gastrointestinal inflammation in dogs receiving NSAIDs when compared to dogs given NSAIDs and a placebo. A total of 22 dogs treated with NSAIDs for various clinical indications were enrolled in a seven-day randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled interventional study. Dogs were randomized to receive either placebo or LAB, a product containing Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Fecal samples were collected on days one and seven. The fecal microbiota was evaluated using the fecal dysbiosis index (DI) and individual bacterial taxa. Fecal calprotectin (CP) and S100A12/Calgranulin C concentrations were used as markers of gastrointestinal inflammation. There was a difference in frequency of diarrhea between groups, with it affecting 4/12 dogs (33%) in the placebo group and 1/10 dogs (10%) in the LAB group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.32). There was a correlation between S100A12 and CP (p Clostridium perfringens correlated with S100A12 (p p = 0.37), CP (p = 0.12), or fecal DI (p = 0.65). This study suggests that LAB is a safe supplement to use for short-term treatment in NSAID-treated dogs, but further studies are needed to determine its potential to prevent NSAID-induced enteropathy in dogs.
