Comparison of the sputtered TiO2 anatase and rutile thin films as electron transporting layers in perovskite solar cells
Fahimeh Shahvaranfard,
Ning Li,
Saman Hosseinpour,
Seyedsina Hejazi,
Kaicheng Zhang,
Marco Altomare,
Patrik Schmuki,
Christoph J. Brabec
Affiliations
Fahimeh Shahvaranfard
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i‐MEET) University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
Ning Li
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i‐MEET) University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
Saman Hosseinpour
Institute of Particle Technology (LFG) Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität‐Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
Seyedsina Hejazi
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Surface Science and Corrosion WW4‐LKO University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
Kaicheng Zhang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i‐MEET) University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
Marco Altomare
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Surface Science and Corrosion WW4‐LKO University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
Patrik Schmuki
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute for Surface Science and Corrosion WW4‐LKO University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
Christoph J. Brabec
Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i‐MEET) University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
Abstract We examine comparatively the performance of sputtered TiO2 rutile and anatase thin films as an electron transport layer (ETL) in MAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells. Both anatase and rutile TiO2 ETLs are deposited (on fluorine‐doped tin oxide [FTO] substrates) by magnetron sputtering in the form of nanocrystalline thin films. We systematically investigate the role of crystallographic phase composition of TiO2 ETLs on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. The champion power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.4% and 17.7% under reverse scan mode are obtained for perovskite solar cells based on TiO2 anatase and TiO2 rutile ETL, respectively. The results show that the magnetron sputtering deposited ETLs differ from each other only in their phase composition while the overall performance of the devices is not greatly affected by the crystallographic phase of the TiO2 ETLs. Our results point to an important fact that for a proper and reliable comparison between the performance of TiO2 anatase and rutile ETLs, it is crucial to investigate films of similar morphology and structure that are synthesize under similar conditions.
