Astaxanthin as a potential therapeutic agent for knee osteoarthritis: A review of mechanisms and clinical evidence

Abstract

Bakground: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) poses an important challenge in musculoskeletal healthcare, prompting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant carotenoid, has gained interest due to its multifaceted mechanisms of action and potential role in KOA management. This review aims to examine the therapeutic mechanisms of astaxanthin in KOA, alongside clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness through a narrative synthesis of preclinical and clinical studies. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted across Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar, focusing on studies that explored astaxanthin's antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cartilage-protective properties in the context of KOA. Articles published in English between 2014 and 2024 were included (n=44). Results: The review identified several key mechanisms by which astaxanthin exerts its therapeutic effects, including reducing oxidative stress, attenuating inflammation, and preserving cartilage integrity. Clinical studies also provided promising evidence of its efficacy in alleviating symptoms and improving joint function in patients with KOA. Conclusion: Astaxanthin demonstrates considerable potential as a therapeutic agent for KOA, though further research is needed to fully understand its long-term efficacy and optimal dosing. Future studies should focus on refining methodological approaches to better elucidate astaxanthin's role in KOA management.

Keywords

• astaxanthin
• knee osteoarthritis
• therapeutic agent
• antioxidant