Frontiers in Marine Science (Jun 2019)
A Sustained Ocean Observing System in the Indian Ocean for Climate Related Scientific Knowledge and Societal Needs
- J. C. Hermes,
- J. C. Hermes,
- Y. Masumoto,
- Y. Masumoto,
- L. M. Beal,
- M. K. Roxy,
- M. K. Roxy,
- J. Vialard,
- M. Andres,
- H. Annamalai,
- S. Behera,
- N. D’Adamo,
- T. Doi,
- M. Feng,
- W. Han,
- N. Hardman-Mountford,
- H. Hendon,
- R. Hood,
- S. Kido,
- C. Lee,
- T. Lee,
- M. Lengaigne,
- J. Li,
- R. Lumpkin,
- K. N. Navaneeth,
- B. Milligan,
- M. J. McPhaden,
- M. Ravichandran,
- T. Shinoda,
- A. Singh,
- B. Sloyan,
- P. G. Strutton,
- P. G. Strutton,
- A. C. Subramanian,
- S. Thurston,
- T. Tozuka,
- C. C. Ummenhofer,
- A. S. Unnikrishnan,
- R. Venkatesan,
- D. Wang,
- J. Wiggert,
- L. Yu,
- W. Yu
Affiliations
- J. C. Hermes
- Egagasini Node, The South African Environmental Observation Network, Cape Town, South Africa
- J. C. Hermes
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Y. Masumoto
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Y. Masumoto
- Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
- L. M. Beal
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- M. K. Roxy
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India
- M. K. Roxy
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA), Seattle, WA, United States
- J. Vialard
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory, IPSL, Paris, France
- M. Andres
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- H. Annamalai
- 0International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
- S. Behera
- Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
- N. D’Adamo
- 1Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO), Paris, France
- T. Doi
- Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
- M. Feng
- 2Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Oceans and Atmosphere, Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- W. Han
- 3Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- N. Hardman-Mountford
- 4Trade, Oceans and Natural Resources, Commonwealth Secretariat, London, United Kingdom
- H. Hendon
- 5Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- R. Hood
- 6Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, Cambridge, MD, United States
- S. Kido
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- C. Lee
- 7Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- T. Lee
- 8Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, Washington, DC, United States
- M. Lengaigne
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC, Univ Paris 06)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN Laboratory, IPSL, Paris, France
- J. Li
- 9International CLIVAR Project Office (ICPO), Qingdao, China
- R. Lumpkin
- 0Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (NOAA), Miami, FL, United States
- K. N. Navaneeth
- 1National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India
- B. Milligan
- 2Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- M. J. McPhaden
- Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA), Seattle, WA, United States
- M. Ravichandran
- 3National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Goa, India
- T. Shinoda
- 4Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
- A. Singh
- 5Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
- B. Sloyan
- 2Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Oceans and Atmosphere, Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- P. G. Strutton
- 6Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- P. G. Strutton
- 7Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- A. C. Subramanian
- 8Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- S. Thurston
- 8Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, Washington, DC, United States
- T. Tozuka
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- C. C. Ummenhofer
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- A. S. Unnikrishnan
- 9National Institute of Oceanography (CSIR), Dona Paula, India
- R. Venkatesan
- 1National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India
- D. Wang
- 0South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (CAS), Guangzhou, China
- J. Wiggert
- 1Division of Marine Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, John C. Stennis Space Center, Hancock County, MS, United States
- L. Yu
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- W. Yu
- 2First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00355
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 6
Abstract
The Indian Ocean is warming faster than any of the global oceans and its climate is uniquely driven by the presence of a landmass at low latitudes, which causes monsoonal winds and reversing currents. The food, water, and energy security in the Indian Ocean rim countries and islands are intrinsically tied to its climate, with marine environmental goods and services, as well as trade within the basin, underpinning their economies. Hence, there are a range of societal needs for Indian Ocean observation arising from the influence of regional phenomena and climate change on, for instance, marine ecosystems, monsoon rains, and sea-level. The Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS), is a sustained observing system that monitors basin-scale ocean-atmosphere conditions, while providing flexibility in terms of emerging technologies and scientificand societal needs, and a framework for more regional and coastal monitoring. This paper reviews the societal and scientific motivations, current status, and future directions of IndOOS, while also discussing the need for enhanced coastal, shelf, and regional observations. The challenges of sustainability and implementation are also addressed, including capacity building, best practices, and integration of resources. The utility of IndOOS ultimately depends on the identification of, and engagement with, end-users and decision-makers and on the practical accessibility and transparency of data for a range of products and for decision-making processes. Therefore we highlight current progress, issues and challenges related to end user engagement with IndOOS, as well as the needs of the data assimilation and modeling communities. Knowledge of the status of the Indian Ocean climate and ecosystems and predictability of its future, depends on a wide range of socio-economic and environmental data, a significant part of which is provided by IndOOS.
Keywords
- Indian Ocean
- sustained observing system
- IndOOS
- data
- end-user connections and applications
- regional observing system
