Characteristics of domestic predictors of persistent bronchial asthma in adolescents and allergic rhinitis in children with a distal occlusion

Abstract

Purpose. Determination of domestic predictors of bronchial asthma in adolescents and allergic rhinitis in children with distal occlusion who have a persistent clinical course of the disease. Materials and methods. A clinical, anamnestic and allergic examination of 87 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years has been conducted. Of them, 34 adolescents with persistent bronchial asthma were considered as the first monitoring group (І); the group II included 28 children with persistent allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion, thereby they additionally received orthodontic treatment for faciomaxillary pathology. The control group (ІІІ) consisted of 25 healthy children. The ratio of boys to girls in the observation and control groups was the same (P > 0.05). Questionnaire method was used for the anamnestic data on living, social and hygienic conditions study: current household pet-keeping practice, frequency and specifications of certain cleaning agents and cosmetic products use in children. Also the clinical course of diseases and the subsequent dispensary observation in the remission period of children with persistent bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis have been analyzed; an allergic study has been conducted in the absence of contraindications for in vivo testing with allergens by the use of skin prick tests with household and epidermal allergens produced by the Limited Liability Company "Immunologist" (Vinnytsia). When comparing statistical aggregates the non-parametric statistical method "2 × 2 Table", the Chi-square test (df = 1) were used and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated using the four-fold table with diagnostic interval (DI) calculation using the Woolf method. By the nonparametric gamma correlation method, recommended for use when there are many matching values in the data, the relationship between hypersensitivity indicators to allergens has been analyzed. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Persistent course of chronic moderate allergic respiratory syndrome trended significantly higher in children with allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion (75.00%) than in adolescents with bronchial asthma (32.35 %). Household predictors of allergic diseases development in surveyed children were living in homes which were not renovated for over 10 years and keeping animals (for adolescents with asthma OR = 3.56, DI [1.08, 11.68] and OR = 6.27, DІ [1.26; 31.29]; for children with allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion OR = 4.62, DI[1.35; 15.78] and OR =6.39, DІ [1.24; 32.89]. Hypersensitivity to domestic dust allergens (35.29 %), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (29.41 %) house dust mites, epidermis of cats (23.53 %) has been diagnosed in adolescents with bronchial asthma and to house dusts Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (50.00 %) and Dermatophagoides farinae (42.86 %), house dust mites (42.86 %), cat (42.86%) and rabbit (17.86 %) epidermis has been revealed in children with allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion. Cosmetics, shampoos, bathing soaps containing formaldehyde, parabens, triclosan, sodium lauryl sulfate and surface-active agents for dishwashing were significantly more often used in the families of children with allergic diseases than in healthy families. Conclusions. Prevention of bronchial asthma in adolescents and allergic rhinitis and distal occlusion in children included the elimination treatment, prescription of allergen-specific immunotherapy according to positive results of allergy testing, living conditions improvement with timely repairs in their homes, use of hypoallergenic cosmetics, shampoos, soaps, gels, detergents for dishwashing without surface-active agents or careful rinsing under running water.

Keywords

• allergic rhinitis
• asthma
• adolescents
• children
• malocclusion