PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (Jul 2016)

Geographic Distribution of Leishmania Species in Ecuador Based on the Cytochrome B Gene Sequence Analysis.

  • Hirotomo Kato,
  • Eduardo A Gomez,
  • Luiggi Martini-Robles,
  • Jenny Muzzio,
  • Lenin Velez,
  • Manuel Calvopiña,
  • Daniel Romero-Alvarez,
  • Tatsuyuki Mimori,
  • Hiroshi Uezato,
  • Yoshihisa Hashiguchi

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004844
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10, no. 7
p. e0004844

Abstract

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A countrywide epidemiological study was performed to elucidate the current geographic distribution of causative species of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ecuador by using FTA card-spotted samples and smear slides as DNA sources. Putative Leishmania in 165 samples collected from patients with CL in 16 provinces of Ecuador were examined at the species level based on the cytochrome b gene sequence analysis. Of these, 125 samples were successfully identified as Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) naiffi, L. (V.) lainsoni, and L. (Leishmania) mexicana. Two dominant species, L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis, were widely distributed in Pacific coast subtropical and Amazonian tropical areas, respectively. Recently reported L. (V.) naiffi and L. (V.) lainsoni were identified in Amazonian areas, and L. (L.) mexicana was identified in an Andean highland area. Importantly, the present study demonstrated that cases of L. (V.) braziliensis infection are increasing in Pacific coast areas.