Anti-cancer ability of chitosan nanoparticles loaded plant essential oil evaluated against A549 human lung cancer cells through invitro approaches

Abstract

Based on the recent research, the natural polysaccharide rich biopolymer of chitosan is an important carrier molecule for drug loading. In addition, the plant essential oils were another important material that frequently used to treat various infectious diseases. In addition, the chitosan loaded essential oils were heightened recent years due to the excellent biomedical properties. In this regard, the current study result was concentrated with encapsulation of plant essential oils into the chitosan nanoparticles for inhibit against A549 human lung cancer cells. In result, the unique and uniform size morphology of chitosan was clearly shown in scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Further, the IC50 dose of the chitosan loaded essential oils at 1000 µg/mL concentration against A549 lung cancer cells was confirmed using cytotoxicity assay and this concentration was very effective than chitosan and essential oils alone. At 1000 µg/mL concentration, the high proliferation efficiency with unclear morphological evidence of A549 lung cancer cells was shown in phase contrast microscope. In addition, the AO/EB stain result was indicated more death cells with belbing formation of the treated cells were observed. At 1000 µg/mL of IC50 concentration of chitosan loaded essential oils was damaged the A549 lung cancer cells with high necrotic cells, chromatin condensation, and decreased cell division. Therefore, all the invitro experiments results were clearly stated that the chitosan loaded essential oils as more efficient alternative option to inhibit the cancer cells.

Keywords

• Chitosan nanoparticle
• Plant essential oils
• Cancer cells
• In vitro inhibition assay
• Cytotoxicity assay
• Fluorescence microscopy analysis