Abstract The rapidly growing areal extent of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations and their high fertilizer input raises concerns about their role as substantial N2O sources. In this study, we present the first eddy covariance (EC) measurements of ecosystem‐scale N2O fluxes in an oil palm plantation and combine them with vented soil chamber measurements of point‐scale soil N2O fluxes. Based on EC measurements during the period August 2017 to April 2019, the studied oil palm plantation in the tropical lowlands of Jambi Province (Sumatra, Indonesia) is a high source of N2O, with average emission of 0.32 ± 0.003 g N2O‐N m−2 year−1 (149.85 ± 1.40 g CO2‐equivalent m−2 year−1). Compared to the EC‐based N2O flux, average chamber‐based soil N2O fluxes (0.16 ± 0.047 g N2O‐N m−2 year−1, 74.93 ± 23.41 g CO2‐equivalent m−2 year−1) are significantly (~49%, p 2 days), soil temperature and water‐filled pore space gained importance on N2O flux variation. These results suggest a plant‐mediated N2O transport, providing important input for modelling approaches and strategies to mitigate the negative impact of N2O emissions from oil palm cultivation through appropriate site selection and management.
