Directional spontaneous emission in photonic crystal slabs

Abstract

Spontaneous emission is one of the most fundamental out-of-equilibrium processes in which an excited quantum emitter relaxes to the ground state due to quantum fluctuations. In this process, a photon is emitted that can interact with other nearby emitters and establish quantum correlations between them, e.g., via super and subradiance effects. One way to modify these photon-mediated interactions is to alter the dipole radiation patterns of the emitter, e.g., by placing photonic crystals near them. One recent example is the generation of strong directional emission patterns – key to enhancing super and subradiance effects – in two dimensions by employing photonic crystals with band structures characterized by linear isofrequency contours and saddle points. However, these studies have predominantly used oversimplified toy models, overlooking the electromagnetic field’s intricacies in actual materials, including aspects like geometrical dependencies, emitter positions, and polarization. Our study delves into the interaction between these directional emission patterns and the variables mentioned above, revealing the untapped potential to fine-tune collective quantum optical phenomena.

Keywords

• spontaneous emission
• collective phenomena
• photonic crystal slabs
• quantum emitters
• van hove singularities
• light polarization