Early Peri-Implant Bone Healing on Laser-Modified Surfaces with and without Hydroxyapatite Coating: An In Vivo Study
Ana Flávia Piquera Santos,
Rodrigo Capalbo da Silva,
Henrique Hadad,
Laís Kawamata de Jesus,
Maísa Pereira-Silva,
Heloisa Helena Nímia,
Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira,
Antônio Carlos Guastaldi,
Thallita Pereira Queiroz,
Pier Paolo Poli,
Debora de Barros Barbosa,
André Luis da Silva Fabris,
Idelmo Rangel Garcia Júnior,
Reinhard Gruber,
Francisley Ávila Souza
Affiliations
Ana Flávia Piquera Santos
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
Rodrigo Capalbo da Silva
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
Henrique Hadad
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
Laís Kawamata de Jesus
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
Maísa Pereira-Silva
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
Heloisa Helena Nímia
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16018-805, SP, Brazil
Antônio Carlos Guastaldi
Department of Analytical, Physical-Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-900, SP, Brazil
Thallita Pereira Queiroz
Department of Health Science, University of Araraquara-UNIARA, Araraquara 14801-340, SP, Brazil
Pier Paolo Poli
Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
Debora de Barros Barbosa
Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
André Luis da Silva Fabris
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
Idelmo Rangel Garcia Júnior
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
Reinhard Gruber
Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Francisley Ávila Souza
Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil
(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the biological behavior of bone tissue on a machined surface (MS) and modifications made by a laser beam (LS) and by a laser beam incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HA) using a biomimetic method without thermic treatment (LHS). (2) Methods: Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) was performed before and after installation in the rabbit tibiae. A total of 20 Albinus rabbits randomly received 30 implants of 3.75 × 10 mm in the right and left tibias, with two implants on each surface in each tibia. In the animals belonging to the 4-week euthanasia period group, intramuscular application of the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin was performed. In implants placed mesially in the tibiofemoral joint, biomechanical analysis was performed by means of a removal torque (N/cm). The tibias with the implants located distally to the joint were submitted for analysis by confocal laser microscopy (mineral apposition rate) and for histometric analysis by bone contact implant (%BIC) and newly formed bone area (%NBA). (3) Results: The SEM showed differences between the surfaces. The biomechanical analysis revealed significant differences in removal torque values between the MSs and LHSs over a 2-week period. Over a 4-week period, both the LSs and LHSs demonstrated removal torque values statistically higher than the MSs. BIC of the LHS implants were statistically superior to MS at the 2-week period and LHS and LS surfaces were statistically superior to MS at the 4-week period. Statistical analysis of the NBA of the implants showed difference between the LHS and MS in the period of 2 weeks. (4) Conclusions: The modifications of the LSs and LHSs provided important physicochemical modifications that favored the deposition of bone tissue on the surface of the implants.
