High Heterogeneity of Echoviruses in Brazilian Children with Acute Gastroenteritis
Endrya do Socorro Fôro Ramos,
Ulisses Alves Rosa,
Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro,
Fabiola Villanova,
Flávio Augusto de Pádua Milagres,
Rafael Brustulin,
Vanessa dos Santos Morais,
Mayara Bertanhe,
Roberta Marcatti,
Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo,
Steven S. Witkin,
Eric Delwart,
Adriana Luchs,
Antonio Charlys da Costa,
Élcio Leal
Affiliations
Endrya do Socorro Fôro Ramos
Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-000, Pará, Brazil
Ulisses Alves Rosa
Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-000, Pará, Brazil
Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro
Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-000, Pará, Brazil
Fabiola Villanova
Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-000, Pará, Brazil
Flávio Augusto de Pádua Milagres
Secretaria de Saúde do Tocantins, Palmas 77453-000, Tocantins, Brazil
Rafael Brustulin
Secretaria de Saúde do Tocantins, Palmas 77453-000, Tocantins, Brazil
Vanessa dos Santos Morais
Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Mayara Bertanhe
Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Roberta Marcatti
Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Emerson Luiz Lima Araújo
General Coordination of Public Health Laboratories of the Strategic Articulation, Department of the Health Surveillance Secretariat of the Ministry of Health (CGLAB/DAEVS/SVS-MS), Brasília 70719-040, Federal District, Brazil
Steven S. Witkin
Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Eric Delwart
Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Adriana Luchs
Laboratório de Doenças Entéricas, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
Antonio Charlys da Costa
Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
Élcio Leal
Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-000, Pará, Brazil
Echoviruses (E) are a diverse group of viruses responsible for various pathological conditions in humans including aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, and acute flaccid paralysis. The detection and identification of echovirus genotypes in clinical samples is challenging due to its high genetic diversity. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of nine echoviruses, obtained by next-generation sequencing of 238 fecal samples from individuals with gastroenteritis in regions of Brazil. Detected viruses were classified into six genotypes: Three E1 sequences (BRA/TO-028, BRA/TO-069 and BRA/TO-236), one E3 (BRA/TO-018), one E11 (BRA/TO-086), one E20 (BRA/TO-016), two E29 (BRA/TO-030 and BRA/TO-193), and one E30 sequence (BRA/TO-032). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the echoviruses E1 and E29 circulating in Brazil are divergent from strains circulating worldwide. The genotype diversity identified in our study may under-represent the total echovirus diversity in Brazil because of the small sample size and the restricted geographical distribution covered by the survey.
