<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ezswap$ </tex-math></inline-formula>: Enhanced Compressed Swap Scheme for Mobile Devices

Abstract

The limited memory capacity of mobile devices leads to the popular use of compressed swap schemes, which reduce the I/O operations involving the swapping in and out of infrequently accessed pages. However, most of the current compressed swap schemes indiscriminately compress and store all swap-out pages. Considering that both energy and computing power are scarce resources in mobile devices, and modern applications frequently deal with already-compressed multimedia data, this blind approach may cause adverse impacts. In addition, they focus only on anonymous pages and not on file-mapped pages, because the latter are backed by on-disk files. However, our observations revealed that, in mobile devices, file-mapped pages consume significantly more memory than anonymous pages. Last but not least, most of the current compressed swap schemes blindly follow the least-recently-used (LRU) discipline when choosing the victim pages for replacement, not considering the compression ratio or data density of the cached pages. To overcome the aforementioned problems and maximize the memory efficiency, we propose a compressed swap scheme, called enhanced zswap (ezswap), for mobile devices. ezswap accommodates not only anonymous pages, but also clean file-mapped pages. It estimates the compression ratio of incoming pages with their information entropy, and selectively compresses and caches the pages only with beneficial compression ratios. In addition, its admission control and cache replacement algorithms are based on a cost-benefit model that considers not only the access recency of cached pages but also their information density and expected eviction cost. The proposed scheme was implemented in the Linux kernel for Android. Our evaluation with a series of commercial applications demonstrated that it reduced the amount of flash memory read by up to 55%, thereby improving the application launch time by up to 22% in comparison to the original zswap.

Keywords

• Compressed swap
• paging
• compression
• replacement algorithm
• memory management
• mobile devices