Analysis of immunological and biochemical parameters after booster dose vaccination using protein-based and inactivated virus vaccine for safety
Esmat Malek,
Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi,
Ali Es-haghi,
Mojtaba Nofeli,
Ali Rezae Mokaram,
Monireh Haji Moradi,
Seyad Hossein Razaz,
Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran,
Saeed Kalantari,
Fariba Sadeghi,
Ladan Mokhberalsafa,
Seyed Reza Banihashemi
Affiliations
Esmat Malek
Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
Department of Epidemiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Ali Es-haghi
Department of Physical Chemistry, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Mojtaba Nofeli
Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Ali Rezae Mokaram
Department of Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Monireh Haji Moradi
Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Seyad Hossein Razaz
Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran
Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Hazrat-e-Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Saeed Kalantari
Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fariba Sadeghi
Department of Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Ladan Mokhberalsafa
Department of Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Seyed Reza Banihashemi
Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Corresponding author. Vaccine and serum research institute, Shahid Beheshti St. Hesarsak, Karaj, Iran.
Introduction: Heterologous vaccines enhance the immune response to new variants and allow flexibility in booster administration when the original vaccine is unavailable. Studies show that heterologous boosters can generate comparable or superior antibody responses compared to homologous boosters. Considering rare side effects is essential in evaluating COVID-19 vaccines, especially those associated with ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen), including blood clotting and idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Severe side effects, such as myocarditis and pericarditis, may occur after Pfizer or Moderna boosters but are rare. Methods: This study administered two vaccines: the Sinopharm inactivated virus vaccine and the Razi-CoV-Pars (RCP) booster. Various evaluations included biochemical markers, coagulation factors, autoimmune antibodies, and antibodies against concerning variants. Results: All 90 participants exhibited a notable rise in antibody levels against the variant of concern (VOC). Participants receiving the Razi-CoV-Pars booster after Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV showed significantly higher antibody levels (Wuhan ∼ 3.25 times, Delta ∼4 times, Omicron ∼ 14 times) compared to those receiving Sinopharm's homologous vaccine. No significant changes (P: <0.05) were found in LDH, CPK, CK-MB, ANA, and Anti-CCP levels. However, individuals receiving Sinopharm's booster after two doses showed a significant increase (4 cases) in D-Dimer levels. Conclusion: The Razi-CoV-Pars vaccine demonstrates a favorable safety profile and promising potential as an effective booster against current variants, particularly due to its significant protective titer against Omicron.
