Redai dili (Sep 2023)
Evolution of Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Network and Influencing Factors of Innovation Performance in China's Marine Industry
Abstract
Taking the marine industry as the breakthrough point, based on the data of joint patent application of marine industry in the last 20 years, this study analyzes the cooperative network of different stages using complex network analysis. This approach reveals the evolution process, spatial structure, and influencing factors of network innovation performance of China's marine industry. The results reveal the following: (1) The cooperative network in 2000-2001 does not have the characteristics of complex networks. From 2002 to 2019, the "small world" and scale-free characteristics of the cooperation network gradually became obvious, indicating that China's marine industry had formed an organic connection of industry-university-research cooperation network since 2002. Before 2008, the network expansion speed was slow and the network structure gradually loosened. From 2009 to 2016, the network expansion speed accelerated and the network was optimized. After 2017, the network expanded rapidly and inter-agency cooperation was efficient. Taking 2008 and 2016 as dividing points, the network was divided into embryonic, exploration, and rapid development stages. The cooperative network has exhibited a loose, dual-core multilateral radiation structure, and has gradually evolved into a single-core topology with China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd. (2) In the evolution process of cooperative innovation networks, universities have always been an important network resource transfer hub and have control of most resources. With the enhancement of the dominant position of innovation, state-owned enterprises' ability to control resources has greatly improved, gradually occupying the core position of the network. Under the influence of policy promotion, market selection, and practical needs for the transformation and development of the marine industry, an industry-university-research cooperation network has been formed, with the enterprise-enterprise cooperation mode as the core and the enterprise-research cooperation mode and school-enterprise cooperation mode as the focus. (3) Under the impetus of coastal cities, the number of patents with which inland cities cooperate increased the fastest. The main body of industry-university-research innovation is concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. Beijing occupies the core position of the urban innovation network with an absolute advantage. The urban cooperative network is characterized by an "umbrella" structure and has obvious "heavy tail" characteristics. This shows that the development of marine science and technology mainly depends on the cooperation and innovation between coastal cities and a small number of inland cities, such as Beijing and Wuhan, affected by geographical distance and urban economic development level. (4) Impulse response analysis reveals that network scale, marine industry GDP, and scientific research personnel input can positively promote the innovation performance of cooperative networks. The research institutions, universities, and enterprises in the innovation subjects can stimulate the innovation output of the network and the importance of the three decreases in turn. Network density and small-world quotient are negatively correlated with network innovation output.
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