Exposure to air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and prevalence of sarcopenia in the UK

Abstract

Background: The role of environmental factors, particularly air pollutants, in the prevalence of sarcopenia remains unclear. Objectives: This study explored the relationship between the prevalence of sarcopenia and prolonged exposure to air pollutants, and investigated potential interactions with genetic susceptibility and inflammation. Methods: Data from 408,117 people at baseline and 35,060 participants in the longitudinal analysis in the UK Biobank were used in this prospective cohort study. Utilizing land use regression models, air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxides (NOx), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10) were estimated and classified into quartiles. Alterations in body composition were among the secondary results. Results: Lastly, 3353 people (0.8 %) developed sarcopenia. Higher levels of air pollutants were linked to an increased prevalence of sarcopenia after controlling for confounding variables (highest vs lowest quartile: NOx, OR, 1.21 [95 % CI, 1.16–1.26]; NO2, OR, 1.22 [95 % CI, 1.16–1.27]; PM2.5, OR, 1.17 [95 % CI, 1.12–1.22]; PM10, OR, 1.15 [95 % CI, 1.10–1.20]; all P<.001). Longitudinal analysis revealed that air pollutants had adverse changes in body composition, including increased muscle fat infiltration and decreased muscle mass. At baseline, the probability of sarcopenia was strongly correlated with NOx, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10, and increased with elevated PRSBMI or CRP levels in subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Air pollutants may contribute to accelerated muscle aging and highlight the importance of environmental factors in sarcopenia development.

Keywords

• Air pollution
• Genetic susceptibility
• inflammation
• sarcopenia
• body composition