The Effects of Encapsulation on the In Vitro Anti-Clostridial Activity of Olive Mill Wastewater Polyphenolic Extracts: A Promising Strategy to Limit Microbial Growth in Food Systems

Abstract

Despite the technologies applied to food production, microbial contamination and chemical deterioration are still matters of great concern. In order to limit these phenomena, new natural approaches should be applied. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the antioxidant and anti-Clostridial effects of two different polyphenolic extracts derived from olive mill vegetation water, one liquid (LE) and one encapsulated (EE). The extracts have been preliminary characterized using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-Of Flight spectrometry. The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity method was used to determine the antioxidant capacity, registering a higher value for EE compared to that for LE (3256 ± 85 and 2446 ± 13 µgTE/g, respectively). The antibacterial activity against C. perfringens, C. botulinum and C. difficile was studied by the agar well diffusion method, MIC and MBC determination and a time-kill test. The results confirm that EE and LE are able to limit microbial growth, albeit with minor effects when the phenolic compounds are encapsulated. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible application of these extracts in food systems.

Keywords

• <i>Clostridium botulinum</i>
• <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>
• <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>
• MIC
• MBC
• time-kill test