Paracoccidioidomicosis diseminada en paciente inmunocompetente: reporte de caso

Abstract

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic fungal infection in Latin America characterized by multi-organ involvement. Late diagnosis and systemic dissemina-tion favor complications such as respiratory failure and adrenal insufficiency, which determine the outcome of the patient. We present the case of a 51-year-old patient from the Colombian Pacific coast, immunocompetent with PCM spread to the central nervous system (CNS), lungs, and adrenal glands with a clinical debut of the neurological syndrome. During a hospital stay, he presented fever peak, hemodynamic collapse, severe metabolic acidosis, and hyperlactatemia. Blood culture and began broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam (4.5 gr / IV every 8 hours), vancomycin (15 mg/kg) plus amphotericin B deoxycholate (1 mg/kg/day) and was transferred to the intensive care unit. Paracoccidioides spp multigene yeasts and chronic granulomatous inflammation were identified in adrenal tissue samples. Six days after admission, the patient continued with hemodynamic deterioration, electrolyte imbalance, septic shock, and adrenal insufficiency that led to death despite the established therapeutic measures. The aim is to expose the challenge posed by the diagnosis of systemic PCM and promote its clinical suspicion to identify the disease promptly and avoid complications that lead to a fulminant outcome.

Keywords

• paracoccidioidomycosis
• mycoses
• adrenal insufficiency