Diagnostic Pathology (Sep 2024)
Utility of IMP3, p53, and S100P immunohistochemical stains in distinguishing reactive atypia from dysplasia in cholecystectomy specimens
Abstract
Abstract Background Distinguishing reactive atypia from dysplasia in cholecystectomy specimens can be histologically challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of IMP3, p53, and S100P immunostains in differentiating reactive atypia from dysplasia in cholecystectomies. Methods Fifty-four cholecystectomies were reviewed and characterized into 5 groups: 2 normal, 29 reactive atypia, 16 low-grade dysplasia, 2 high-grade dysplasia, and 5 adenocarcinoma. IMP3, p53, and S100P immunostains were performed and evaluated. IMP3 (nuclear) and S100P (nuclear or nuclear/cytoplasmic) were categorized into negative or positive expression, and p53 was categorized into wild-type and aberrant/mutant expression. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results The patients were mostly middle-aged women (mean 44, range 19–87 years, 81% female), with predominantly Hispanic White ethnicity (80%). The majority of the normal and reactive atypia cases showed negative IMP3 (100% and 75.9%, respectively) and wild-type p53 (100% and 89.7%, respectively) staining. Over half (56.3%) of the low-grade dysplasia and all the high-grade dysplasia cases showed IMP3 positivity. Aberrant p53 staining pattern was seen in half of both low and high-grade dysplasia cases. Adenocarcinoma showed IMP3 positivity in 80% and p53 aberrancy in all cases. S100P showed no statistical significance among the diagnostic categories. Significant differences in staining patterns were found between reactive atypia vs. low-grade dysplasia, and reactive atypia vs. low-grade + high-grade dysplasia using a combination of IMP3 and p53 stains (all p < 0.05). Conclusions In challenging cholecystectomies, IMP3 positivity or aberrant p53 expression may serve as a useful adjunct to support a diagnosis of dysplasia over reactive atypia.
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