Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (Jan 2021)
International Legal Approaches to Neurosurgery for Psychiatric Disorders
- Jennifer A. Chandler,
- Laura Y. Cabrera,
- Paresh Doshi,
- Shirley Fecteau,
- Shirley Fecteau,
- Joseph J. Fins,
- Joseph J. Fins,
- Salvador Guinjoan,
- Clement Hamani,
- Karen Herrera-Ferrá,
- C. Michael Honey,
- Judy Illes,
- Brian H. Kopell,
- Nir Lipsman,
- Patrick J. McDonald,
- Helen S. Mayberg,
- Roland Nadler,
- Bart Nuttin,
- Albino J. Oliveira-Maia,
- Albino J. Oliveira-Maia,
- Cristian Rangel,
- Raphael Ribeiro,
- Arleen Salles,
- Hemmings Wu
Affiliations
- Jennifer A. Chandler
- Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Laura Y. Cabrera
- Center for Ethics & Humanities in the Life Sciences and Dept. Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Paresh Doshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, India
- Shirley Fecteau
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Shirley Fecteau
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Center Intégré Universitaire en Santé et Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Joseph J. Fins
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Consortium for the Advanced Study of Brain Injury, Weill Cornell and the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Joseph J. Fins
- Solomon Center for Health Law & Policy, Yale Law School, New Haven, CT, United States
- Salvador Guinjoan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Clement Hamani
- Harquail Center for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Karen Herrera-Ferrá
- 0Asociación Mexicana de Neuroética, Mexico City, Mexico
- C. Michael Honey
- 1Section of Neurosurgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Judy Illes
- 2Neuroethics Canada, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Brian H. Kopell
- 3Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Nir Lipsman
- 4Division of Neurosurgery, Harquail Center for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Patrick J. McDonald
- 5Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Head, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Helen S. Mayberg
- 6Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Roland Nadler
- 7Peter A. Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Bart Nuttin
- 8Neurosurgeon, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Albino J. Oliveira-Maia
- 9Champalimaud Research and Clinical Center, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
- Albino J. Oliveira-Maia
- 0NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Cristian Rangel
- 1Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Raphael Ribeiro
- 2Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Arleen Salles
- 3Center for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Hemmings Wu
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.588458
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 14
Abstract
Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders (NPD), also sometimes referred to as psychosurgery, is rapidly evolving, with new techniques and indications being investigated actively. Many within the field have suggested that some form of guidelines or regulations are needed to help ensure that a promising field develops safely. Multiple countries have enacted specific laws regulating NPD. This article reviews NPD-specific laws drawn from North and South America, Asia and Europe, in order to identify the typical form and contents of these laws and to set the groundwork for the design of an optimal regulation for the field. Key challenges for this design that are revealed by the review are how to define the scope of the law (what should be regulated), what types of regulations are required (eligibility criteria, approval procedures, data collection, and oversight mechanisms), and how to approach international harmonization given the potential migration of researchers and patients.
Keywords
- neuroethics
- regulation
- law
- deep brain stimulation
- psychosurgery
- neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders
