Antiurolithiatic effect of Fucoxanthin on ethylene glycol-induced renal calculus in experimental rats

Abstract

The urolithiasis/nephrolithiasis are a major health problem among the peoples, which could lead to severe clinical complications and kidney failure and most men were affects than women. Fucoxanthin, is an active compound present in brown seaweeds, and has the numerous pharmacological benefits. Present investigation designed to assess the anti-urolithiatic role of Fucoxanthin against ethylene glycol (EG) stimulated calculi in experimental rats. Adult male albino rats were segregated evenly into five groups. Group I: Normal Vehicle. Group II: 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) in potable water for 4 weeks. Group III: 0.75% EG in potable water + Fucoxanthin (40 mg/kg bodyweight) was administered through orally for 4 weeks. Group IV: 0.75% EG in potable water + Fucoxanthin (80 mg/kg body weight) was supplemented orally for 4 weeks. Group V: 0.75% EG in potable water + Standard drug Cystone (750 mg/kg bodyweight) was supplemented orally for 4 weeks. The rat urine was collected before the anaesthesia. The animals were generally anaesthetized and killed by the cervical dislocation. Kidneys and blood (Plasma) samples were collected and processed for further investigations. The biochemical (BC) markers, renal, stone markers, antioxidants levels and Lipid peroxidation were analysed using plasma and kidney tissue homogenate of both control and investigational animals. Our results revealed that the elevated levels of biochemical markers were observed in lithiatic rats. The renal and stone markers were abnormal in lithiatic rats. The antioxidants were markedly decreased and lipid peroxidation (LPO) was increased in lithiatic rats. The histopathological study confirmed that the Fucoxanthin treatment (80 mg/kg body weight) prevented the damage of tubular membrane and reduced the deposition of calculi in glomeruli of the kidney tissue. Fucoxanthin treatment normalized the biochemical and renal stone markers in the experimental rats. Fucoxanthin treatment restores the antioxidants and decreased the LPO in experimental rats by its anti-urolithiatic properties. Keywords: Calcium oxalate, Creatinine, Urea, Kidney stone, Ethylene glycol, Fucoxanthin, Urolithiasis