Polibotánica (Mar 2016)
Medicinal Plants of the markets of Izúcar de Matamoros and Acatlán de Osorio, Puebla
Abstract
In Mexico the traditional markets are places that reflect the interaction between people and plants, so they come to define the identity in the area where they are. Theobjective of the present study was to record marketing, use, and source of medicinal plants as well as the comparison between the markets of Izúcar de Matamoros and Acatlán de Osorio, in the State of Puebla. In order to achieve the proposed objective 6 visits to the 'Revolution' of Izúcar de Matamoros market and 24 to the "General Rafael Sanchez Taboada" market at of Acatlán de Osorio were made. Structured Interviews were made to people who sell the plants, in order to record their common name, use, preparation, route of administration, the kind of disease they cure, healing, cost per sample, origin of species, time in collecting them and, if they are indirectly bought, how much sellers pay for each one and how they learned the use of medicinal plants. The collection of the botanical material was conducted through the acquisition of samples in fresh and dry, for subsequent identification. The results showed that in the Izúcar de Matamoros market 1133 stands were recorded; in 0.71% of them medicinal plantsare sold; the number of registered species was 49 -49genera and 35 families- being the family Asteraceae the most outstanding, with 12 genera. As for its origin, 43 of these species are wild and 11 are grown, some of them have double performance. In the Acatlán de Osorio market 641 stands were registered, where the 1.71% are of medicinal plants; the number of medicinal species was 144, with 122 genera and 71 families. The most outstanding families were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Fabaceae. From all the registered species of medicinal plants we found that 61 are introduced, 73 native and the origin of 10 of them is unknown. We also registered, according to the surveys applied to sellers, that 110 species are wild and 33 cultivated, all of which are sold both fresh and dry. The applied surveys showed that in the mentioned markets 31 plants are sold to cure 31 diseases, 25 at the Izúcar de Matamoros market, and 27 at the Acatlán de Osorio market. The most used part of the plants to cure the ailments are the leaves, stems and flowers, and the application is oral and local. The use of medicinal plants is to cure diseases of the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, excretory, nervous systems, as well as for the cultural syndrome. The way of selling them is as a bunch or as a compound. It is concluded that both markets are traditional and the most important sold families of plants are Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Rutaceae; the market that presented a major recorded medicinal plants was the Acatlán de Osorio with 144 species. The majority of medicinal plants in both markets are to cure diseases of the digestive, excretory, nervous, respiratory and circulatory systems as well as cultural syndrome; most of the species are wild and the most used parts of the plants are the stem, leaves, flowers and fruits.
