Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed osteoarthrosis and associated factors in the adult general Spanish population

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and related factors of diagnosed osteoarthrosis (DO) and undiagnosed osteoarthrosis (UO) in the general Spanish adult population. Setting: Cross-sectional study with data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017. Participants: N = 23,089 adults. Three groups of people were defined: DO, UO, and no osteoarthrosis (NO). Main measurements: Sociodemographic information, lifestyle (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, body mass index) and health factors (intensity of pain, pain drug consumption, mental health, self-perceived health status, pain involvement in daily living) were collected. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, and a multinomial logistic regression model for the factors associated with each group. Results: The prevalence of DO was 22.4% (95%CI = 21.8;22.9) and 0.9% (95%CI = 0.8;1) of UO. With respect to NO, risk factors for DO and UO included higher pain levels and pain drug consumption. Better self-perceived health status was inversely related with both. More pain involvement in daily living was associated with increased risk of DO, but reduced risk of UO. Conclusions: The prevalence of DO and UO was similar to that reported in Europe, but slightly higher than in low/middle-income countries. It was more prevalent in females, older people, people with worse perceived health status and worse mental health. Higher pain levels and pain drug consumption were risk factors for DO and UO. Better self-perceived health status was protective. Pain involvement in daily living was a risk factor for DO, but protective for UO. Different public health strategies should be considered in view of this. Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la artrosis diagnosticada (DO) y no diagnosticada (UO) en la población general adulta española. Emplazamiento: Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud en España 2017. Participantes: n = 23.089 adultos. Tres grupos definidos: DO, UO y sin artrosis (NO). Mediciones principales: Datos sociodemográficos, estilo de vida (tabaco, alcohol, actividad física, índice de masa corporal [IMC]) y salud (intensidad del dolor, consumo de analgésicos, salud mental, estado de salud autopercibido, impacto del dolor en la vida diaria). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y un modelo de regresión logística multinomial para los factores asociados a cada grupo. Resultados: La prevalencia de DO fue 22,4% (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95% = 21,8;22,9) y UO, 0,9% (IC 95% = 0,8;1). Los factores de riesgo para DO y UO incluyeron mayores niveles de dolor y consumo de analgésicos. El mejor estado de salud autopercibido se relacionó inversamente con ambos. El mayor impacto del dolor en la vida diaria se asoció con un mayor riesgo de DO, pero menor riesgo de UO. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de DO y UO fue similar a la europea, pero ligeramente superior a países de bajo/medio nivel de ingresos, más prevalente en mujeres, personas mayores, con peor estado de salud autopercibido y peor salud mental. Los mayores niveles de dolor y consumo de analgésicos fueron factores de riesgo para DO y UO. El mejor estado de salud fue protector. El impacto del dolor en la vida diaria fue un factor de riesgo para DO, pero protector para UO. Se deben considerar diferentes estrategias de salud pública en vista de estos resultados.

Keywords

• Prevalencia
• Artrosis
• Estado de salud
• Dolor
• Diagnóstico