Psychological distress and suicidal ideation in Sicilian Medical Students: The SMS-ME project

Abstract

Background: Medical students are at high risk for mental disorders, and the COVID-19 pandemic might have exacerbated psychological distress. However, no data are available for the southern part of Italy. The SMS-ME (Sicilian Medical Students’ MEntal health) project aimed to estimate the prevalence of and predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal ideation in a sample of Sicilian medical students. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out from September 2022 to December 2022. The study protocol investigated sociodemographic factors and clinical data including Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and a specific question addressing suicidal ideation frequency over the last six months. Multivariate regression models were assessed to examine the association between symptoms and relevant predictors and then regressed their residuals with suicidal thought frequency. Result: We collected 1,866 records (age=22.5, SD=3.4; 65.2 % females). One out of four students presented highly severe depression (25 %) and referred to the presence of some suicidal ideation in the six months preceding the interview (26.1 %). DASS-21 scores, especially depression (F(5, 1,828)=58.8, p = 6.59–57), increasingly predicted the frequency of suicidal thoughts when above the sample's mean. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design does not allow inferences on temporal relationships and the self-report strategy could be intrinsically biased by the person's feelings at the time of the interview. Conclusions: High prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts were observed among Sicilian medical students. The DASS-21 was a good predictor for suicidal ideation that Universities could use as a simple tool to assess the need for psychological healthcare in this population.

Keywords

• Medical students
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Stress
• Suicide
• COVID-19