Impact of Sense of Coherence on Oral Health Behaviour and Perceived Stress among a Rural Population in South India- An Exploratory Study

Abstract

Introduction: Sense of Coherence (SOC) measures a person’s ability to use currently existing life scenarios to overcome the associated problems and cope with life stressors to lead a healthy lifestyle, free from any disease to stay well. It is the central construct of the salutogenic theory put forth by Aaron Antonovsky. Few studies have examined its impact on Oral Health Behaviour (OHB) in adults, especially in the rural Indian context. Aim: To determine the impact of SOC on OHB and perceived stress among adults in rural South India. Materials and Methods: Present study was carried out among 230 adults aged 18 years and above visiting a Primary Health Centre in Ullal, Karnataka. SOC was assessed by employing the SOC-13 scale and perceived stress was assessed by using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). OHB was assessed by a structured, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. Information about socio-demographics was also collected. Correlation analysis employed Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis was performed with OHB as dependant variable. Results: Education was significantly associated with OHB (r=0.16, p=0.01) and socio-economic status had a significant association with SOC (r=-0.13, p=0.04). OHB was significantly associated with SOC (r=0.31, p<0.001). Stress was also associated with SOC (r=-0.21, p=0.001) and OHB (r=-0.19, p=0.003). Multi-variate regression analysis revealed SOC (OR=1.02, p=0.04, CI 1.01-1.04) and PSS (OR=0.83, p<0.001, CI 0.76-0.91) as significant predictors for OHB. Conclusion: More favourable OHB like twice daily tooth brushing, maintaining adequate oral hygiene and no associated tobacco habits were observed among those with a stronger SOC and less perceived stress. Salutogenic model might have critical implications for OHB in rural India.

Keywords

• coherence sense
• multivariate analysis
• oral health-related behaviours
• perceived stress scale