About periodization of history of Russian sociology

Abstract

The author's version of periodization of Russian sociology and its criteria is offered. Approaches to criteria of a periodization of world and Russian sociology are compared. As the main criteria of periodization of the last are considered: temporary (stages and the periods are allocated, a personnel of the most outstanding scientists is called); substantial (the main lines and features of sociology within each stage and the period are given); type of society, state and a political regime (their main characteristics influencing a condition of sociology are given). The debatable problem of «beginning» of Russian sociology is discussed, thus the argument of advocates of prereform or post-reform (1861) appearance of sociology is provided in Russia. In detail the position of the author, advocate of the point of view about post-reform origin and formation of the Russian sociology is considered. Historical conditions and prerequisites of appearance of Russian sociology are considered, among them the special attention is paid to a presociological stage. As three main stages of Russian sociology are allocated: a pre-revolutionary, classical stage (the 1860th – 1917), a postrevolutionary, Soviet stage (1917 – the end of the 1980th) the present stage (the end of the 1980th – the present). Within each of them the periods are allocated: on three in the first and second stages, two — in the third. The summary table of a periodization of Russian sociology — from the 1860th is provided up to now. The important place is taken by the analysis of periodization of the present stage of Russian sociology. The attention to its chronological beginning connected with reorganization is paid. The characteristic of two periods in structure of the present stage – till 2000 and after it is given. Appearance of the complicated and contradictory processes connected with strengthening of authoritarian regime in the country and its pressure upon Russian sociology is emphasized in recent years.