Dyslipidemia among adult people living with HIV on dolutegravir – based antiretroviral therapy at a private tertiary hospital in Kampala, Uganda: burden and determinants

Abstract

Abstract Background Understanding the burden of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV on dolutegravir (DTG) based anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is critical to provide clinical guidance and risk reduction strategies in our setting. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on adult people living with HIV on DTG based ART between July and August 2022 at Mengo Hospital, a private not for profit missionary hospital owned by the Church of Uganda. Dyslipidemia was defined as: Total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/l, or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) < 1 mmol/l for men and < 1.3 mmol/l for women, or triglycerides (TG) ≥ 1.7 mmol/l, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ≥ 3.4 mmol/l. A participant was considered to have dyslipidemia if they had any of the lipid profile parameters in the above ranges. Socio-demographic information, clinical data and behavioral characteristics were collected. Fasting lipid profile and fasting blood glucose levels were also measured. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using a generalized linear model regression of the Poisson family with a log link (modified Poisson) using robust standard errors since the prevalence of dyslipidemia was more than 10%. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were reported with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 341 participants were included. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 78.0%, (95%CI:73.3–82.1). The highest prevalence was for low HDL (72.1%, 95%CI 67.1–76.7) followed by high TG (20.2%, 95%CI: 16.3–24.9), high TC (12.0%, 95%CI: 9.0–15.9) and high LDL (6.5%, 95%CI: 4.3–9.6). Female sex (aPR:1.55, 95%CI: 1.32–1.84, p < 0.001) and previous use of protease inhibitor (PI) based ART regimen (aPR:1.26, 95%CI: 1.04–1.53, p = 0.018) were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. Conclusion We demonstrate that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is very high as it was present in more than three quarters of the study participants. Female sex and previous use of PI based ART regimen were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. Management of dyslipidemia should be integrated in the HIV treatment package and we recommend further inquiry into the temporal relationship between dyslipidemia and DTG among ART patients, if any.

Keywords

• Dyslipidemia
• Dolutegravir (DTG)
• HIV/AIDS
• Total cholesterol (TC)
• Triglycerides (TG)
• Low density lipoprotein (LDL)