The Role of Stress in the Progression of Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanisms and Implications for Treatment

Abstract

Motor neuron diseases (MND) are a group of rare neurodegenerative diseases that significantly affect the survival of patients. The disease progresses rapidly, and currently, there is no cure for MND. Therefore, delays in MND progression and improvements in the patient’s quality of life have become crucial aspects of clinical work. Stress—a response to environmental or psychological changes—significantly affects body metabolism. In particular, excessive stress can harm the human body. Here, we review recent literature exploring the impact of stress on the progression of MND. This review also discusses the potential mechanisms of stress-induced MND deterioration, including activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, abnormal microglial activation, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of stress granules. The role of stress in the pathological changes of MND and the importance of stress management in the treatment of MND have been emphasized. Here, we highlight that the attention of clinicians to this crucial aspect can significantly influence the course and outcome of the disease.

Keywords

• environmental factors
• stress
• mnd
• hpa
• microglia
• oxidative stress