Effects of Health Coaching Combined with Wearable Devices on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Self-management Behavior in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a public health burden facing the whole world, with the rapid development of Internet and digital technology, intelligent service model plays an important role in the management of patients with T2DM. Objective To explore the effectiveness of wearable devices combined with health coaching in patients with T2DM. Methods A total of 315 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from June 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the study subjects, and divided into the control group, the intervention A group and the intervention B group based on the method of randomized numerical table, the control group implemented the routine management measures based on capillary blood glucose monitoring, the intervention A group adopted the wearable devices for routine management, the intervention B group was managed by wearable devices combined with health coaching. The differences in glycemic and lipid control status and self-management behaviors among the three groups before and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after intervention were compared. Results A total of 15 lost visits were made during the implementation of the study, and 300 study subjects were finally included in the analysis, with 100 in each of the three groups. There was an interaction between intervention method and time in the three groups on 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 hPG) , glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) , number of hypoglycemic episodes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) , self-management behaviors of diabetes mellitus (2-DSCS) , and self-management behaviors of diabetic patients (SDSCA) scores (P<0.05) . There was a significant main effect of intervention method on the number of hypoglycemic episodes, total cholesterol (TC) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , 2-DSCS and DSCS scores (P<0.05) . The main effect of time was significant on all indicators except the number of hypoglycemic episodes (P<0.05) . The levels of HbA1c, FBG, 2 hPG, TC at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the intervention in each group were lower than those before the intervention in the same group, and the level of 2-DSCS and SDSCA scores of T2DM patients were higher than those before the intervention in the same group. After 3 months of intervention, the number of hypoglycemic episodes were lower in the intervention B group than in the intervention A group and control group (P<0.05) ; after 6 months of intervention, the 2 hPG level and the TC level in the intervention B group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) , HDL-C level, 2-DSCS score, SDSCA score in the intervention A and intervention B groups were higher than the control group (P<0.05) , SDSCA score in the intervention B group was higher than the intervention A group (P<0.05) ; after 9 months of intervention, FBG level, 2 hPG level, and TC level in the intervention B group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) , FBG level and 2 hPG level in intervention B group were lower than those in intervention A group, HDL-C level, 2-DSCS score, and SDSCA score in the intervention B group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05) , 2-DSCS score and SDSCA score in the intervention B group were higher than those of the intervention A group (P<0.05) ; after 12 months of intervention, FBG level, 2 hPG level, HbA1c level, TC level, LDL-C level in the intervention B group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) , FBG level, 2 hPG level, HbA1c level in the intervention B group were lower than those in the intervention A group, HDL-C level, 2-DSCS score, and SDSCA score in the intervention B group were higher than those in the control and intervention groups (P<0.05) . Conclusion Wearable devices combined with health coaching has short-term and long-term effects in improving the comprehensive control of glucose and lipids, as well as improving self-management ability of them in patients with T2DM.

Keywords

• diabetes mellitus, type 2|wearable devices|continuous glucose monitoring|health coaching|glucose control|treatment outcome