Записки з українського мовознавства (Aug 2018)
UKRAINIAN ORAL SPEECH OF THE MODERN YOUTH OF THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN ZONE: DEVIANT PROCESSES
Abstract
The article is devoted to the Ukrainian oral speech at the synchronic level, in particular to the spoken features of the Ukrainian language. The attempt to reveal, analyze and describe the deviations which appear as a result of violations of unstable pronouncing norms was made on the basis of a sociolinguistic survey. In particular whistling sounds before sibilants and vice versa, аlso the alveolar consonant [d] is considered before sibilants depending on the sphere of activity of the respondents and their living environment depending on the region of residence - South or Western Ukraine. In the comparative aspect, the pronunciation of the studied sound compositions by the youth of different countries (Ukraine, Canada, Moldova, Transnistrian) is presented. The subject of the research is using of the pronouncing norms of the modern Ukrainian language, in particular the sound combination (hushing sounds before sibilants, sibilants before hushing sounds and the transformation of coronal [d],[d'] in affricates before hushing sounds and sibilants). The sociolinguistic (social surveys), descriptive, comparative methods and the intake of quantitative calcculations through which the material was collected, recorded and analyzed are used in our research. The predecessors who studied certain issues (first of all, in social and phonetic description of Ukrainian speech) are N.I. Trots’kа, L.I. Prokopova, M.M. Fashchenko. The object of our research is the Ukrainian speech of the youth from Odesa, Kherson, Mykolayiv regions (students-philologists of the Ukrainian and Bulgarian branches of the Odessa National University named after I. Mechnikov) and Lviv, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk regions (students-philologists of the Ukrainian department of the Lviv National University named after I. Franko). A survey was conducted among Ukrainian students of different courses and faculties of the Transnistrian State University named after T. Shevchenko (Tiraspol, Transdniestria), the Baltsky State University named after Oleka Russo (Moldova) and the youth of various spheres of Canada (Toronto) for comparison. Thus, speech errors allow to define the norm and the study of speech phenomena clearer. According to our observations the norms of pronunciation are closely related to the field of the youth: respondents-non-philologists double the number of mistakes in pronunciation than respondents-philologists. Modern youth of Southern Ukraine predominantly adhere to two laws of orthoepy - pronounced whistling before the sizzling and vice versa, but difficulties arise when pronounced [d] before whistling and sizzling. The last rule is a characteristic of the students-philologists specializing in Ukrainian language and literature, therefore, we treat it as unstable, often violated. In addition, on the basis of our research we were convinced that the unstable norms of the pronunciations of the sound compositions not reflected in the monuments of the XIX century, or occasionally certified. The modern youth of Western Ukraine, on the contrary, repelled better possession of the norms of pronunciation [d] before sizzling and whistling than the norms of pronunciation of whistling before sizzling and vice versa. In particular, orthoepic deviations were associated with the influence of spelling or stunning, which is characteristic of the southwestern dialect. And, of course, those rules of pronunciation of the sound compositions, which for a long time were recorded in the letters of the XIX century, are the most stable in verbal speech. The need for further research of the isolated problem is seen in the study of deviations that Ukrainian young people make when pronouncing consonant, vowel, and other sound combinations.
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