Comparative Analysis of Chemical Profiles and Biological Activities of Essential Oils Derived from <i>Torreya grandis</i> Arils and Leaves: In Vitro and In Silico Studies

Abstract

Torreya grandis (T. grandis, Taxaceae) is a well-known nut tree species. Its fruit aril and leaves possess a unique aroma, making it an ideal natural raw material for extracting essential oils (EOs). This study aims to comprehensively compare the composition, biological activities, and pharmacological mechanism of EOs extracted from the arils (AEO) and leaves (LEO) of T. grandis. The results revealed that the chemical composition of the two EOs was highly consistent, with α-pinene and D-limonene as the main components. Both EOs significantly reduced cellular melanin production and inhibited tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-stimulated B16 cells (p α and IL-6 (p T. grandis could be a valuable source of supplementary materials for producing T. grandis aril EO.

Keywords

• <i>Torreya grandis</i>
• essential oil
• B16/F10 melanoma cells
• RAW 264.7 macrophages
• network pharmacology
• molecular docking