Cytotoxic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Aglaia elliptica Blume Leaves Extract on HepG2 Hepatocarcinoma Cells

Abstract

Aglaia elliptica Blume belongs to Meliaceae family which contain an active compound of rocaglamid as anticancer. The research was conducted to evaluate the biological activities of ethyl acetate fraction of Aglaia elliptica Blume leaves. The dry powder of Aglaia elliptica Blume leaves was extracted with methanol using maceration method, then was fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate, guided by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). The most toxic fraction then processed by column chromatography and resulted in eight subfractions. Three of them showed the most toxic effect on BSLT namely FEA 3.3, FEA 3.4 and FEA 3.5 with LC50 of 40.81, 18.56 and 13.40 ppm respectively. The cytotoxic activities of those three active subfractions were assayed on HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells using enzymatic reaction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and the results showed that the IC50 were 35.10, 14.36 and 14.09 ppm respectively. The most active sub fraction (FEA 3.5) was then performed further analyzed using preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC results indicated that there were three active compounds, which were suspected as derivatives of rocaglamid. The molecular docking simulation indicated that rocaglamide formed complex with Toll-like Receptor 4 in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells and affected the inhibition of proliferation of its cell. Keywords : Aglaia elliptica Blume leaves extract, fractionation, BSLT, MTT assay, hepatocarsinoma cell lines