A review on control systems for fast demand response for ancillary services

Abstract

To solve the climate change problem every country should use renewable energy sources for power generation. However, present renewable sources such as wind and solar are intermittent sources. So, to integrate these intermittent sources into the power grid the capacity of ancillary services (AS) must be increased. Fast demand response (Fast DR) has the potential to be used as an AS in a power system. This paper first reviews the progression of demand response (DR) as an AS. From this, it is shown the concept of Fast DR emerging in the literature. Then the literature is categorized into economic studies, experimental studies, and control system studies. The economic studies done by several contexts in several countries show that using Fast DR for AS is viable. Then the technology used to implement Fast DR is reviewed using the experimental studies and using existing technologies to implement Fast DR is shown to be viable. The literature on control system studies for Fast DR is categorized based on the type of the load. The paper is focused on highlighting the types of loads that can be used for Fast DR for AS and the requirements of a Fast DR program. The authors are conducting research on using Inverter Air Conditioners (Inverter ACs) to provide Fast DR which looks promising. A project to implement a Fast DR program in a building is being planned.

Keywords

• smart grid
• microgrid
• ancillary services
• fast demand response
• demand response
• control systems