Recent advances in nanoadjuvant-triggered STING activation for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Zicong Xu,
Yihong Wu,
Junjie Hu,
Zhaozhao Mei,
Yutong Zhao,
Keda Yang,
Yi Shi,
Xiaoling Xu
Affiliations
Zicong Xu
Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
Yihong Wu
Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
Junjie Hu
Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
Zhaozhao Mei
Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China
Yutong Zhao
College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, PR China
Keda Yang
Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China; Corresponding author. Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University), 8 Shuren Street, Hangzhou, 310015, PR China.
Yi Shi
Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Corresponding author. Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 725 South WanPing Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
Xiaoling Xu
Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, PR China; Corresponding author. Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University), 8 Shuren Street, Hangzhou, 310015, PR China.
The development of effective cancer treatments is a popular in contemporary medical research. Immunotherapy, the fourth most common cancer treatment method, relies on activating autoimmune function to eradicate tumors and exhibits advantages such as a good curative effect and few side effects. In recent years, tumor vaccines that activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway are being actively researched in the field of immunotherapy; however, their application is still limited because of the rapid clearance rate of tumor-related lymph nodes and low efficiency of antigen presentation. The rise of nanomedicine has provided new opportunities for solving these problems. By preparing materials with adjuvant effects nanoparticles, the small size of nanoparticles can be exploited to enable the entry of vaccines into tumor-related lymph nodes to accurately deliver STING agonists and activate the immune response. Based on this, this paper reviews various types of nano-adjuvants based on metals, platinum chemotherapy drugs, camptothecin derivatives, deoxyribonucleic acid, etc. and highlights the transformation prospects of these nano-adjuvants in tumor vaccines to provide a reference for promoting the development of nano-medicine and tumor vaccinology.
