Does the thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis affect the iliac trajectory of S2AI screw?

Abstract

Abstract Background The study aimed to evaluate the influence of thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) on parameters of S2AI trajectory and to compare the ideal S2AI trajectory with those of the non-deformity patients with AS, sagittal deformity patients without AS, and the normal population reported in literatures. Methods Sagittal parameters including global kyphosis (GK), pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS) were measured. Besides, according to the simulated ideal S2AI trajectory on the CT images, trajectory parameters were measured including Sag angle, Tsv angle, Max-length, Sacral distance and Iliac width. Starting-point parameters were also measured including PSIS distance, Skin distance, Iliac wing and S2 midline. Results Ninety-four AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis patients were included. After adjusting the age and gender, twenty non-deformity patients with AS and 20 sagittal deformity patients without AS were selected to compare with patients with AS-related thoracolumbar kyphosis, respectively. Sag angle in deformity patients with AS was smaller than other two groups (P < 0.001). No difference was found in Tsv angle and Sacral distance between AS patients with and without deformity. However, these two parameters were shown significant differences between deformity patients with AS and without AS. In deformity patients with AS, no significant differences were found in all parameters between genders Furthermore, there were strong correlations between PT and the bilateral Sag angle (P < 0.001). Conclusions The thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to AS affects the Sag angle of the ideal S2AI trajectory which was approximately 20° smaller than that in non-deformity patients with AS, sagittal deformity patients without AS, and the normal population. Additionally, the Tsv angle and the Sacral distance in AS patients with thoracolumbar kyphosis were about 10° and 10 mm larger than those in sagittal deformity patients without AS, and the normal population reported in literatures.

Keywords

• Second sacral alar iliac (S2AI) screw
• Sacroiliac joint
• Three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) imaging
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Thoracolumbar kyphosis