Groundwater Quality of Some Parts of Coastal Bhola District, Bangladesh: Exceptional Evidence
Molla Rahman Shaibur,
Ishtiaque Ahmmed,
Sabiha Sarwar,
Rezaul Karim,
Md. Musharraf Hossain,
M. Shahidul Islam,
Md. Shaheen Shah,
Abu Shamim Khan,
Farhana Akhtar,
Md. Galal Uddin,
M. Moklesur Rahman,
Mohammed Abdus Salam,
Balram Ambade
Affiliations
Molla Rahman Shaibur
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
Ishtiaque Ahmmed
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
Sabiha Sarwar
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
Rezaul Karim
Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
Md. Musharraf Hossain
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
M. Shahidul Islam
Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
Md. Shaheen Shah
Department of Oil and Gas Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
Abu Shamim Khan
Environmental Laboratory, Asia Arsenic Network (AAN), Jashore 7400, Bangladesh
Farhana Akhtar
Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, 20 Downing Pl, Cambridge CB2 1BY, UK
Md. Galal Uddin
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
M. Moklesur Rahman
Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
Mohammed Abdus Salam
Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
Balram Ambade
Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur 831014, India
The composition of groundwater governs the drinking and irrigation water suitability. A large part of the coastal region of Bangladesh is affected and is responsible for changing the composition of the groundwater. This research attempted to observe the groundwater quality of the Bhola Sadar and Char Fasson upazilas in coastal Bangladesh. Twenty-eight (28) water samples, 27 at depths of 260–430 m (850–1400 ft) and 1 from a crop field, were collected and analyzed. The quality of water samples was determined through the evaluation of odor, color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) ions. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for heavy metal analysis. The outcomes were compared with the drinking water quality of Bangladesh and the World Health Organization. The results showed that the average values of nearly all of the parameters were underneath or within the standard level, representing that the groundwater was appropriate for drinking purposes. The water quality parameters were also compared with the irrigation water quality of Bangladesh and the Food and Agriculture Organization. It was found that the collected samples were also suitable for irrigation. To do this, the soluble sodium percentage, sodium adsorption ratio, magnesium adsorption ratio, Kelley’s ratio, and total hardness were calculated. The novelty of this research is that, despite being in a coastal district, the deep aquifer water of Bhola was appropriate for drinking and irrigation purposes.
