مجلة الأنبار للعلوم الزراعية (Dec 2023)
EVALUATION OF BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS IN TERMS OF SPIKE AND YIELD PROPERTIES UNDER VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF SOIL AND FOLIAR FERTILIZATION
Abstract
This study was carried out at the farms of Field Crops department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok during the growing season 2021/2022 season. Three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); Ceyhan-99, Adana-99 and Tamuz-2 varieties were used sown under four levels (Control, Low, recommended and high) of soil and foliar fertilization. The experiment was designed as Split Plots and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Designs (RCBD) with four replications. Wheat cultivars considered the main plots, fertilization methods the sub-plots and the fertilizer concentrations the sub-sub-plots.The results of this study revealed significant differences of the wheat cultivars in most of the spike characteristics and mainly spike length and spike biomass; Ceyhan-99 and Tamuz-2 cultivars were superior and produced highest spike biomass; 10.82 and 10.68 g.spike-1 respectively compared to the inferior cultivar in this trait (Adana-99). On the other hand, the effect of foliar fertilization was non-significant on most of spike characters. The application of soil fertilization surpassed foliar fertilization for producing higher number of tillers per unit area; 399 spikes compared to 375 tillers per square meter respectively. The effect of fertilization method and their concentrations were significant on final biomass per unit area; soil fertilizer recorded highest biomass yield than foliar fertilizer and each produced 5.70 t.ha-1 and 5.01 t.ha-1 respectively. Also, both recommended (5.36 t.ha-1) and high concentrations of fertilization (5.63 t.ha-1) recorded higher yield of biomass compared to control (4.74 t.ha-1) and low concentrations (4.78 t.ha-1) of fertilization. Ceyhan-99 cultivar in soil fertilization recorded highest final grain yield (1.69 t.ha-1) compared to Tamuz-2 in soil fertilizer which recorded lowest final grain yield (1.15 t.ha-1). Based on the obtained results in this study, the cultivar Ceyhan-99 and soil form of fertilization is recommended under similar conditions of this study and further study under different rainfall or irrigation regimes are suggested to have more convenient results for foliar fertilization.
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