Zhongguo quanke yixue (Jun 2023)
Effects of Reducing Indoor Air Particles on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiological Indexes in the Elderly: a Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial
Abstract
Background Exposure to indoor air particles pollution increases the incidence and mortality of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, especially in the elderly population. Objective To explore the effect of indoor air particles on cardiopulmonary-related physiological indexes of the elderly and short-term use of air purifiers on the improvement of cardiopulmonary health of the elderly. Methods A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted in January 2020 on 24 healthy older adults selected from a senior apartment in Jiangbei District of Chongqing. These included older adults equally divided into two groups alternately using real and sham air purifiers for 48 h with a 12-days washout interval by complete randomization. 14 health indexes including biomarkers of circulatory system inflammation, coagulation, oxidative stress and pulmonary function, blood pressure, heart rate, exhaled fractional nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured. Linear mixed-effect model was used to evaluate the effect of the air purifiers on health indexes. Results The results of the linear mixed-effect model showed that compared with the sham purifiers, fibrinogen, MCP-1 and MPO in the blood inflammatory indicators were changed by -15.1%〔95%CI (-23.1%, -6.3%) , P<0.05〕, -17.7%〔95%CI (-22.9%, -12.3%) , P<0.05〕 and -17.2%〔95%CI (-23.9%, -9.8%) , P<0.05〕, PAI-1 and t-PA in the coagulation factors changed by -14.9%〔95%CI (-21.1%, -8.2%) , P<0.05〕 and -13.5%〔95%CI (-18.7%, -8.0%) , P<0.05〕, heart rate changed by -5.8%〔95%CI (-10.6%, -0.8%) , P<0.05〕in the real purifiers, respectively. For every 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration, fibrinogen, MCP-1, MPO, PAI-1, t-PA, D-dimer and heart rate in the elderly increased by 0.51%, 0.48%, 0.56%, 0.49%, 0.43%, 0.31% and 0.20%, respectively (P<0.05) . Conclusion Indoor air purifiers are associated with decreased concentrations of systemic and local inflammation and coagulation biomarkers. Reducing air particles may be a public health measure to improve circulatory and cardiopulmonary health in the elderly.
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