This review presents the current scientific literature on the problem of female smoking in the world and in Russia over the past 25 years. The results of Russian and international researches on the prevalence and trends of women’s smoking discussed. The growth in female smoking from the end of XX century, associated with aggressive policies of tobacco companies and the emancipation of women in many countries, including Russia revealed. The negative impact of smoking on women’s health, reproductive function and motherhood was shown. The efficiency of the global tobacco control policies and Russia’s state policy to reduce tobacco consumption was demonstrated.
